Ninh Binh is about 90 km away from Ha Noi to the south. Ninh Binh is located on Red river delta with geographical co-orrdinate from 19050' to 20027' at Northern latitude and from 105032' to 106033' at Eastern longitude. Ninh Binh shares the administative border with Ha Nam in the North, Nam Dinh in the East, the East Sea in the Southeast, Thanh Hoa in the West and Southwest, and Hoa Binh in the Northwest.
With over 1,400km2 of natural area, Ninh Binh has forests, sea and a diverse system of fauna and flora. Ninh Binh topography encompasses plains and the mountains of the Vietnam northwest mountain range. Ninh Binh also keeps a strategic position for military security and social development. Here, troops were usually rallied on their way to the north or south of Vietnam, creating famous victories in Vietnamese national history.
Ninh Binh is endowed with many places of particular interest which have been welknown inside and outside Vietnam such as Tam Coc – Bich Dong, Cuc Phuong National Park, Trang An Grottoes and Van Long Nature Reserves. There are also many historical relics, for instances Hoa Lu Ancient Capital, Bich Dong Pagoda, Thai Vi Temple, Phat Diem Stone Cathedral, Tam Diep Defense Line.... All of them are attractive to both Vietnamese and foreign tourists. Ninh Binh is the charming land of myth and unique landscapes.
Ninh Binh’s topography comprises three different types of landscapes: wetlands, coastal delta, hills and mountains. With such a variety of landscapes, Ninh Binh offers many tourist attactions as primitive rain forest, mountains, hills, river delta and the coastal delta. Furthermore, Ninh Binh is endowed with numerous historical relics dating back to the Dinh, Early Le, Ly and Tran dynasties from the 10th-13th century. Anually, Ninh Binh has many traditional festivals reflecting the cultural identites of Red river delta villages.
With a deeply rooted history and cultural tradition, the people of Ninh Binh are traditionally very industrious, hard working, studious, kind, patriotic and particularly hospitale.
Most tourist attractions are situated within a radius of 50km from the provincial city of Ninh Binh and the linking with all major transport systems as the national highway No 1A and the South – North railway.... Therefore, long distance busses and trains from Hanoi to Hue, Ho Chi Minh city and vice versa stop here making Ninh Binh an ideal place to spend several days relaxing.
Hoa Lu Ancient Capital used to be the economic, political and cultural center of Dai Co Viet (Great Viet) – the first centralized feudal state of Vietnam which existed from 968 to 1010 C.E.). It is also the native land of 3 royal dynasties: the Dinh, and the Pre – Le and Ly. The ancient capital covered an area of 300ha, including the Inner Citadel and the Outer Citadel. It was surrounded by rock mountain ranges. In the past, Hoa Lu Royal citadel was adorned with splendid palaces, magnificent temples and shrines. When King Ly Cong Uan transferred the capital to Thang Long (now known as Hanoi), it became the ancient capital. Due to the ravages of time, Hoa Lu Ancient Citadel no longer exists. Now, there are only some vestiges related to the Dinh, Le and Ly dynasties. For example, there is King Dinh temple for worshipping King Dinh Tien Hoang and his sons, Le Temple worshipping King Le Dai Hanh, Queen Duong Van Nga and their sons. These relics together with the mountains ranges have stood the test of time.
Royal Edict on the transfer of the capital
In 1010 King Ly Thai To consulted the mandarins to transfer the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La (Hanoi). King Ly Thai To asked the mandarins the following questions.
…Dai La (Thang Long), the former capital (of His Highness Cao) is situated at the very heart of our country. Its position evokes that of coiled dragon, a seated tiger. It is at equal distance from the four cardinal points and is favorable to both mountains and rivers.
There, the location is sufficiently vast and flat, the land sufficiently elevated and well – exposed. There, the population is sheltered from inundations and floods. There, all is flourishing and prosperous. It is the most beautiful site bringing together men and riches coming from the four cardinal points. It is an excellent capital for a royal dynasty for ten thousand generations. I wish, therefore, to take advantage of this favorable location to establish the capital there.
Ninh Binh’s topography comprises three different types of landscapes: wetlands, coastal delta, hills and mountains. With such a variety of landscapes, Ninh Binh offers many tourist attactions as primitive rain forest, mountains, hills, river delta and the coastal delta. Furthermore, Ninh Binh is endowed with numerous historical relics dating back to the Dinh, Early Le, Ly and Tran dynasties from the 10th-13th century. Anually, Ninh Binh has many traditional festivals reflecting the cultural identites of Red river delta villages.
With a deeply rooted history and cultural tradition, the people of Ninh Binh are traditionally very industrious, hard working, studious, kind, patriotic and particularly hospitale.
Most tourist attractions are situated within a radius of 50km from the provincial city of Ninh Binh and the linking with all major transport systems as the national highway No 1A and the South – North railway.... Therefore, long distance busses and trains from Hanoi to Hue, Ho Chi Minh city and vice versa stop here making Ninh Binh an ideal place to spend several days relaxing.
Trang An Grottoes
Trang An, the eco tourism attraction located in the East of Ninh Binh, with area of 2000 ha. The area caves Trang An eco belonging Truong Yen Commune, Xuan Ninh, Ninh Hai (Hoa Lu district), Gia Sinh commune (Gia Vien District), Ninh Nhat, Tan Thanh (town, Ninh Binh) , an area of more than 1500 ha was discovered several years ago. In 2001, the cave was discovered by a system works in terms of research scientists and indigenous people.
Baidinh Pagoda – The biggest pagoda in Asia
Bai Dinh is also famous for its record-breaking works, such as the three statues of Buddha in the past, present and future weighing 50 tons per statue in Tam The temple, a Buddha statue weighing 100 tons in Phap Chu temple and two bells weighing 36 tons and 27 tons. The pagoda, which is only five kilometers away from two popular tourism destinations of co do Hoa Lu, the ancient capital of Vietnam from 968 to 1010 and the Trang An cave area, could become the center for tourism of Ninh Binh Province when it is completed.
Kenh Ga Floating Village
Not far from this Vietnam’s ancient capital lies the small fishing village of Kenh Ga. To many the name will be unfamiliar, but then this is often the case with well-kept secrets. The name actually means Chicken Canal and is derived from a local hot spring which water is used to soak chickens to make it easier to pluck their feathers.
Set on the banks of the Hoang Long River, Kenh Ga is a remarkable place, not only because it is surrounded by the same massive rocks that dominate Hoa Lu, but also because for most of the year the entire community lives on the water itself. The floating village of Kenh Ga receives relatively few visitors compared to nearby Hoa Lu and the peoples’ aquatic way of life has changed little over the centuries.
The principal reason for its lack of visitors is that the village is accessible only by boat. Gliding along the river and canals, weaving one’s way through the boathouses and fishing vessels of Kenh Ga is a unique experience for there is no other place in Vietnam that combines the stunning backdrop of the limestone cliffs with an authentic floating village.
Set on the banks of the Hoang Long River, Kenh Ga is a remarkable place, not only because it is surrounded by the same massive rocks that dominate Hoa Lu, but also because for most of the year the entire community lives on the water itself. The floating village of Kenh Ga receives relatively few visitors compared to nearby Hoa Lu and the peoples’ aquatic way of life has changed little over the centuries.
The principal reason for its lack of visitors is that the village is accessible only by boat. Gliding along the river and canals, weaving one’s way through the boathouses and fishing vessels of Kenh Ga is a unique experience for there is no other place in Vietnam that combines the stunning backdrop of the limestone cliffs with an authentic floating village.
Phat Diem Cathedral
Phat Diem Cathedral (also known as Phat Diem Stone Church) is a complex church Catholics of about 22 ha , located in the town of Phat Diem , district Kim Son , province of Ninh Binh , the Ha Noi about 120 km to the south. Phat Diem Cathedral was rated media is one of Vietnam’s most beautiful churches. This is a large building, the Cathedral of Phat Diem diocese vast northern Vietnam . The church was built all in stone and wood. Phat Diem Cathedral was started in 1875 and in 1898, basically complete. The unique features of this work is that: although the Catholic church but the definition is modeled on the architecture family temple traditions of Vietnam. The population of this architecture is formulated gradually by Father Pierre Tran Luc (also known as Six instruments) – priest at Phat Diem diocese from 1865) and Catholics Catholic for over 30 years.
The church was built with the technical level and traffic conditions of the late 19th century. From the south go to the church of Phat Diem includes: Pond Lake, Phuong Dinh, Cathedral, three man-made caves and stone churches.
The church was built with the technical level and traffic conditions of the late 19th century. From the south go to the church of Phat Diem includes: Pond Lake, Phuong Dinh, Cathedral, three man-made caves and stone churches.
Architecture
Populations of Phat Diem cathedral church of a large and 5 small church (which has a church built of natural stone, known as the stone church), a local family (the bell), lakes and 3 rows of artificial stone. According to Nguyen Van Giao, guides the church service, said: “In this work the same family temple is very true. Father Tran Luc – the architect of the building is expected that, over this work speaks the nature of harmony and integration between Catholic culture of ethnic architecture as well as harmony between Catholicism with other religions in Vietnam, says solidarity “.
Lakes: A rectangular lake, covering about 4 ha, are located around the bulkheads facing the road from the town of Phat Diem led into the church. The lake is an island on which the statue of the Lord.
The Family: start up in 1899, is a 25m high buildings, 17m wide, 24m long consisting of three floors built of stone slabs, the largest is the bottom floor was built with blue stones. On the fourth tower has 4 four statues of the Evangelists, which from the line, position the clouds to make it sticky coat to do with the statues in the temples in Vietnam. The stone arch was fitted to the level of sophistication. Between Phuong Dinh put down as a monolithic, outside and inside are the bas-relief carved in stone pictures Jesus’ and the saints with elegant lines. The second floor of the method to hang a large drum. Third floor hung a bell high 1.4 m, 1.1 m in diameter, weighs almost 2,000 kg, major Phuong Dinh bell cast in 1890. A bell sounded far is like the 3 provinces ( Nam Dinh , Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa ) heard. The roof of the church of Phat Diem is not soaring tower type as the other churches that are ancient as low curved roof house roof, roof temple .
Cathedral: Cathedral was built in 1891 with the official name of the Holy Rosary Church, now the cathedral of the bishop of Phat Diem. Cathedral 74m long, 21m wide, 15m high, four-year roof and entrance under the arch carved. The church has 6 columns ironwood (48 columns) monolithic, two rows of columns between 11m high, 2.35 m in circumference, each bar weighs about 10 tons . Upper space of the cathedral is a large altar made of a monolithic slab 3 meters long, 0.9 m wide, 0.8 m high, weighs about 20 tons. The front and sides carved with flowers typical of the four seasons such as the altar is covered with a quartz light-colored scarves. Two churches have four side chapels is an architectural style.
Cathedral: The construction in 1883. Original name: Chapel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, also known as stone church because everything in this church are made of stone, from the foundation, walls, columns, door bars … Inside are beautiful bas touched many, especially the engraver of the Fund: Parts, apricot, chrysanthemum, architecture, representing the weather and particular beauty of four seasons in a year. Lines depicting animals such as lions, phoenix incredible vivid.
The artificial caves: in the north of the church of Phat Diem has 3 separated by about 100m caves created by rocks of different sizes remain look natural. In particular, Lourdes is the most beautiful cave. Above the cave are the major subjects.
Heart of Mary Chapel and Mary Cave:
Mount Lourdes: Originally named Gethsemane (transcribed from Gethsemane), started up in 1896, renamed in 1925 from Mount Lourdes.
Mount Birthday: originally named Mount was buried, start up in 1875, also was awarded the first construction of a massive scale is aimed at testing the new settlement of land compensation. Since 1954 was renamed Mount Birthday.
Calvary, in the cave of Bethlehem there is
And the chapel: The chapel dedicated to his Heart, glass chapel St. Peter , glass chapel holy Joseph , and glass chapel St. Roco (original name: glass chapel St. John Stresses ).
Lakes: A rectangular lake, covering about 4 ha, are located around the bulkheads facing the road from the town of Phat Diem led into the church. The lake is an island on which the statue of the Lord.
The Family: start up in 1899, is a 25m high buildings, 17m wide, 24m long consisting of three floors built of stone slabs, the largest is the bottom floor was built with blue stones. On the fourth tower has 4 four statues of the Evangelists, which from the line, position the clouds to make it sticky coat to do with the statues in the temples in Vietnam. The stone arch was fitted to the level of sophistication. Between Phuong Dinh put down as a monolithic, outside and inside are the bas-relief carved in stone pictures Jesus’ and the saints with elegant lines. The second floor of the method to hang a large drum. Third floor hung a bell high 1.4 m, 1.1 m in diameter, weighs almost 2,000 kg, major Phuong Dinh bell cast in 1890. A bell sounded far is like the 3 provinces ( Nam Dinh , Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa ) heard. The roof of the church of Phat Diem is not soaring tower type as the other churches that are ancient as low curved roof house roof, roof temple .
Cathedral: Cathedral was built in 1891 with the official name of the Holy Rosary Church, now the cathedral of the bishop of Phat Diem. Cathedral 74m long, 21m wide, 15m high, four-year roof and entrance under the arch carved. The church has 6 columns ironwood (48 columns) monolithic, two rows of columns between 11m high, 2.35 m in circumference, each bar weighs about 10 tons . Upper space of the cathedral is a large altar made of a monolithic slab 3 meters long, 0.9 m wide, 0.8 m high, weighs about 20 tons. The front and sides carved with flowers typical of the four seasons such as the altar is covered with a quartz light-colored scarves. Two churches have four side chapels is an architectural style.
Cathedral: The construction in 1883. Original name: Chapel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, also known as stone church because everything in this church are made of stone, from the foundation, walls, columns, door bars … Inside are beautiful bas touched many, especially the engraver of the Fund: Parts, apricot, chrysanthemum, architecture, representing the weather and particular beauty of four seasons in a year. Lines depicting animals such as lions, phoenix incredible vivid.
The artificial caves: in the north of the church of Phat Diem has 3 separated by about 100m caves created by rocks of different sizes remain look natural. In particular, Lourdes is the most beautiful cave. Above the cave are the major subjects.
Heart of Mary Chapel and Mary Cave:
Mount Lourdes: Originally named Gethsemane (transcribed from Gethsemane), started up in 1896, renamed in 1925 from Mount Lourdes.
Mount Birthday: originally named Mount was buried, start up in 1875, also was awarded the first construction of a massive scale is aimed at testing the new settlement of land compensation. Since 1954 was renamed Mount Birthday.
Calvary, in the cave of Bethlehem there is
And the chapel: The chapel dedicated to his Heart, glass chapel St. Peter , glass chapel holy Joseph , and glass chapel St. Roco (original name: glass chapel St. John Stresses ).
Tam Coc – Halong Bay inland
Tam Coc was named as “Ha long Bay in land or on rice field ” Tam means as tthree and Coc means as Cave, The local people called the cave first, two and three or even hang a name known collectively as the Three water. Territory of Van Lam village, Ninh Hai Commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh city of about 7 km southwest of … From the marina Dinh, tourists will be traveling natural beauty blended with the sky with the beautiful boats. Wu Dong annual flow regardless of season, month, day as the boats converged down boats bringing tourists sightseeing reverse Tam Coc.
Visit Tam Coc only a single waterway to the loss of over 2 hours. Boat about 400 meters away in Ngo Dong River takes visitors to a foreign Nghi (exterior doors) are the two vertical sides of the mountain rivers and mountains on the right is Mount Personals, mountains are mountains left Rice Clumsy. Take a boat again in the north across the River Cong Rong Wu Dong on the Thai Vi temple.
Culvert 2.8 meters long, made of stone, carved dragon head. Through sewers Dragon, looked to the left to see a small mountain road adjacent to the Thai Vi temple and the river is Mount Mung.Di Gò Next, still on the left is Mount Van, Vo mountains.
The ancient legend of two mountain gods bear two over here, suddenly broken pole, the two fall along the mountain river. Two mountain grows a hat of the Van, a hat of the Vo.Thuyen still sweeping, takes visitors Amenities subject to internal (indoor), also known as (zinc wind), as well as the two results mountains lining the form. To the left is the mountain Ben Thanh, the right is the Eagles are the soap down the Ngo Dong, creating vivid beauty, magnificent Tam Coc. Tourists coming here can not save this unique image.
Bich Dong Pagoda – “Southern Natural II active” in the Ngu Nhac Son Mountains territory Dam Khe Village, Ninh Hai Commune, Hoa Lu district. In 1773, Mr Nguyen Nghiem (born relatives of great poet Nguyen Du) visited the. Panoramic view of mountains and rivers, dynamic, field, sky, here are covered with a green should have put a particular name is very beautiful and romantic dream-”Bich Dong” (Dong Xanh Means).
Visit Tam Coc only a single waterway to the loss of over 2 hours. Boat about 400 meters away in Ngo Dong River takes visitors to a foreign Nghi (exterior doors) are the two vertical sides of the mountain rivers and mountains on the right is Mount Personals, mountains are mountains left Rice Clumsy. Take a boat again in the north across the River Cong Rong Wu Dong on the Thai Vi temple.
Culvert 2.8 meters long, made of stone, carved dragon head. Through sewers Dragon, looked to the left to see a small mountain road adjacent to the Thai Vi temple and the river is Mount Mung.Di Gò Next, still on the left is Mount Van, Vo mountains.
The ancient legend of two mountain gods bear two over here, suddenly broken pole, the two fall along the mountain river. Two mountain grows a hat of the Van, a hat of the Vo.Thuyen still sweeping, takes visitors Amenities subject to internal (indoor), also known as (zinc wind), as well as the two results mountains lining the form. To the left is the mountain Ben Thanh, the right is the Eagles are the soap down the Ngo Dong, creating vivid beauty, magnificent Tam Coc. Tourists coming here can not save this unique image.
Bich Dong Pagoda – “Southern Natural II active” in the Ngu Nhac Son Mountains territory Dam Khe Village, Ninh Hai Commune, Hoa Lu district. In 1773, Mr Nguyen Nghiem (born relatives of great poet Nguyen Du) visited the. Panoramic view of mountains and rivers, dynamic, field, sky, here are covered with a green should have put a particular name is very beautiful and romantic dream-”Bich Dong” (Dong Xanh Means).
Hoa Lu – The ancient Capital of Vietnam
Hoa Lu Ancient Capital used to be the economic, political and cultural center of Dai Co Viet (Great Viet) – the first centralized feudal state of Vietnam which existed from 968 to 1010 C.E.). It is also the native land of 3 royal dynasties: the Dinh, and the Pre – Le and Ly. The ancient capital covered an area of 300ha, including the Inner Citadel and the Outer Citadel. It was surrounded by rock mountain ranges. In the past, Hoa Lu Royal citadel was adorned with splendid palaces, magnificent temples and shrines. When King Ly Cong Uan transferred the capital to Thang Long (now known as Hanoi), it became the ancient capital. Due to the ravages of time, Hoa Lu Ancient Citadel no longer exists. Now, there are only some vestiges related to the Dinh, Le and Ly dynasties. For example, there is King Dinh temple for worshipping King Dinh Tien Hoang and his sons, Le Temple worshipping King Le Dai Hanh, Queen Duong Van Nga and their sons. These relics together with the mountains ranges have stood the test of time.Royal Edict on the transfer of the capital
In 1010 King Ly Thai To consulted the mandarins to transfer the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La (Hanoi). King Ly Thai To asked the mandarins the following questions.
…Dai La (Thang Long), the former capital (of His Highness Cao) is situated at the very heart of our country. Its position evokes that of coiled dragon, a seated tiger. It is at equal distance from the four cardinal points and is favorable to both mountains and rivers.
There, the location is sufficiently vast and flat, the land sufficiently elevated and well – exposed. There, the population is sheltered from inundations and floods. There, all is flourishing and prosperous. It is the most beautiful site bringing together men and riches coming from the four cardinal points. It is an excellent capital for a royal dynasty for ten thousand generations. I wish, therefore, to take advantage of this favorable location to establish the capital there.
Cuc Phuong National Park – Rescuse Center
Alternative site name(s): None
Province(s): Ninh Binh, Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa
Area: 22,200 ha
Coordinates: 20o14′ – 20o24′N, 105o29′ – 105o44′E
Tour types: Eco-tours, Trekking, Bird watching … Contact us for more information
Province(s): Ninh Binh, Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa
Area: 22,200 ha
Coordinates: 20o14′ – 20o24′N, 105o29′ – 105o44′E
Tour types: Eco-tours, Trekking, Bird watching … Contact us for more information
Topography and hydrology
Cuc Phuong National Park lies at the south-eastern extent of a limestone range that runs north-west to Son La province. This limestone range predominantly comprises karst, marine in origin and perhaps 200 million years old. The section of the limestone range encompassed by the national park rises sharply out of the surrounding plain, to elevations of up to 636 m. This section is around 10 km wide and 25 km long, and has a central valley running along almost the entire length.
The karst topography exerts a dominant influence on drainage patterns in Cuc Phuong. Most of the water that the national park receives is quickly absorbed by a complex underground drainage system common to mature karst landscapes, often emerging from springs on the lower slopes flanking the national park. For this reason, there are no natural ponds or other standing bodies of water within the national park, and there is only one permanent watercourse, the Buoi river. This river bisects the western end of the national park from north to south, and feeds the Ma river, the major river in Thanh Hoa province.
Biodiversity values
The vegetation of Cuc Phuong National Park is dominated by limestone forest. In some places, the forest is stratified into as many as five layers, including an emergent layer up to 40 m in height. Due to the steep topography, however, the canopy is often broken and stratification is unclear. Many individual trees show well developed buttress roots in response to the generally shallow soils. The national park contains particularly large specimens of certain tree species, including Terminalia myriocarpa, Shorea sinensis, and Tetrameles nudiflora, which have been developed as tourist attractions. There is an abundance of timber trees and medicinal plants.
Cuc Phuong National Park has an extremely rich flora. To date, 1,980 vascular plant species in 887 genera and 221 families have been recorded at the national park. In terms of number of species, the best-represented families in the flora of Cuc Phuong are the Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Lauraceae, Cyperaceae, Orchidaceae and Acanthaceae. The flora of Cuc Phuong contains elements of the Sino-Himalayan, Indo-Burmese and Malesian floras. The high known floral diversity at Cuc Phuong can, however, be partly attributed to the high level of survey effort directed at the site.
Floral surveys have identified three vascular plant species known, to date, only from Cuc Phuong: Pistacia cucphuongensis, Melastoma trungii and Heritiera cucphuongensis. Cuc Phuong National Park is also considered to be one of seven globally significant Centres of Plant Diversity in Vietnam.
Cuc Phuong supports populations of several mammal species of conservation importance, including the globally critically endangered Delacour’s Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus delacouri and the globally vulnerable Owston’s Civet Hemigalus owstoni. In addition, the nationally threatened Leopard Panthera pardus has been recently recorded at the national park. Furthermore, over 40 bat species have been recorded at the national park, including 17 species from a single cave. Unfortunately, several large mammal species, including Tiger Panthera tigris and White-cheeked Crested Gibbon Hylobates leucogenys, are believed to have become extinct at Cuc Phuong in recent times, mainly due to high hunting pressure and the relatively small size of the national park.
To date, 313 species of bird have been recorded at Cuc Phuong National Park. Cuc Phuong is situated at the northern end of the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (EBA). However, only one of the restricted-range bird species characteristic of this EBA, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, has been recorded at the national park. Cuc Phuong qualifies as an Important Bird Area.
Other taxa that have been studied at Cuc Phuong include snails, 111 species of which were recorded during a recent survey, including 27 species endemic to the national park and its immediate surroundings. Subterranean cave-dwelling fish have also been studied, and at least one species recorded at Cuc Phuong is thought to be endemic to the limestone range: Cuc Phuong Cat Fish Pterocryptis (=Parasilurus) cucphuongensis; this species has subsequently been recorded at Pu Luong proposed nature reserve. There are currently 280 butterfly species known from the national park, seven of which were new records for Vietnam when they were first identified in 1998.
Other documented values:
Cuc Phuong National Park is a popular tourist destination, and receives large numbers of visitors each year, mostly domestic tourists. Due to the large number of visitors, Cuc Phuong has high potential value for raising awareness of environmental issues among the general public. This potential has already been partly realised by, for example, the construction of a visitor centre at the national park, which opened in mid 2000.
Cuc Phuong National Park is an important site for biological research and for training scientists: many undergraduate and graduate students visit the national park on field courses.
Cuc Phuong has historical value as an archaeological site. Prehistoric human remains, up to 12,000 years old, have been found in caves in the national park. In addition, a fossilised marine reptile was recently found in the national park; this is the first discovery of its kind in Vietnam.
The forest at Cuc Phuong provides several essential hydrological services to local communities. For instance, the forest protects the watershed of the Yen Quang reservoir, which provides water for domestic and agricultural use.
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